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Introduction to Reflexology

By Christopher Shirley

Welcome to the universe of reflexology. I choose these words carefully because it is my experience that reflexology is capable of taking you to the boundaries of your universe and, if you are willing, beyond those boundaries. (See discussion of boundaries at the end of this article.)

Reflexology is a NATURAL HEALING ART.

NATURAL means that reflexology enhances the normal functioning of the body. It does this without creating any damage. It is essentially benign - harmless.

HEALING means that reflexology's effect is consistently observed to be beneficial to a person's health. Reflexology reduces physical, emotional and psychological stress and tension. This reduction of stress and tension results in a greater degree of relaxation in the body and a consequent revitalization and rejuvenation of the functioning of the body. Reflexology also increases the body's awareness of itself. The combination of therapeutic relaxation and increased awareness facilitate movement toward optimal healthy functioning. In this sense reflexology is healing.

ART means that the application of reflexology is most beneficial when the practitioner is bringing their intuitive senses into play with their practice of reflexology. Everyone who uses the techniques of reflexology will find that the results are beneficial. However, the practitioner that develops awareness of their intuitive senses and applies reflexology in accordance with their intuitive senses will have more effective results.

The basic techniques used in the practice of reflexology are very simple and easy to learn. As in many other activities it takes some practice of the techniques to become familiar with them. In this process of practising the techniques it is inevitable that some of the benefits of reflexology will be discovered. The most common benefit to be discovered is how profoundly relaxing reflexology is for most (not all) people that it is applied to. Even for relatively healthy people in our hectic western society, the feeling of profound relaxation is a blissfully pleasant experience that is deeply appreciated.

Beyond these pleasurable feelings of relaxation, recipients of reflexology often report a wide range of other benefits, such as: feeling more centred, feeling more solidly connected to the ground and paradoxically feeling like walking on air, experiencing deeper sleep, relief from a wide variety of aches and pains, relief from headaches, clearing of sinus congestion, etc..

The range of potential benefits available from reflexology is very wide. It is believed that reflexology moves the body from functioning in the sympathetic nervous system modality (fight or flight) to the parasympathetic system modality (rest and repair), that reflexology improves the assimilation of nutrients to enhance the provision of nourishment for healthy functioning; that reflexology improves the circulation of the blood and lymph with consequent improved nourishment and cleansing of the cells and elimination of accumulated toxins; similarly, that reflexology strengthens the functioning of the immune system. In short, by revitalizing and rejuvenating the intricate functioning of the physical body reflexology assists the body in it's inherent process of healing itself.

As a consequence, reflexology powerfully complements all other healing modalities. In particular it enhances the effectiveness of nutritional therapies including herbology, and, manipulative therapies such as physiotherapy and chiropractic.
When a person is experiencing extremely acute pain, such as a severe whiplash, reflexology, unique in it's ability to relieve stress and tension through stimulation of the distant reflexes, can safely ease the pain until it is conducive to the direct stimulation of massage therapy or physiotherapy. In this way, reflexology is very beneficial for the person who is presently experiencing extreme pain and who is understandably not receptive to any direct stimulation of the injured area.

As reflexology gains wider acceptance as a therapy, it's effectiveness for specific conditions is being researched. Recently, the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, a prestigious medical research journal, published an evaluation of the effectiveness of reflexology for women suffering with  pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). This study, which evaluated 38 symptoms experienced by these women, reported that the symptoms were reduced by 46% during treatment, an improvement that was sustained at 41% for two months beyond the cessation of treatment. The journal concluded that reflexology should be considered an effective therapy for PMS.

Many other studies evaluating the effectiveness of reflexology for specific health conditions have been published in Denmark, England and China. In these countries, reflexology has been integrated into the national health care system - which has made it easier to get research studies conducted. The health conditions focussed on in these studies include: headaches, back pain, asthma and constipation - a wide variety of conditions for any one therapy to address. In general, the results of these studies report reflexology to be effective for 75% to 80% of recipients. (See our research pages for more details).

It appears that in reflexology we have an easy to learn, harmless technique that provides the recipient with a blissfully relaxing experience, and, is potentially powerful in it's ability to assist the body to heal itself of a wide range of conditions.

Reflexology is a healing modality that is harmless unless the reflexology practitioner is not respectful of the person that they are working on. In fact, unless the person receiving the reflexology is fragile in some way (suffering from emotional, psychological or physical imbalances, or, is commonly considered very sick), it would be necessary for the reflexology practitioner to be intentionally abusive in order to do harm.

In a social sense, reflexology has alot to contribute in it's ability to provide a safe nurturing environment for people to touch each other. There is considerable research on the power of touch. This environment allows a very natural deepening of the relationship between the person doing reflexology and the receiver. Professional counsellors are exploring the possibilities that this presents for their work with their clients.

For us lay people there are also many possibilities in our relationships with family members, friends, and colleagues. An example would be the relationship between a teenager and his/her parents: typically these relationships can be strained and lacking in communication or any feeling of connectedness. However, many teenagers would love to have their feet massaged. In the process of  45 - 60 minutes of  giving a reflexology session to the teenager the parent simply needs to be willing to listen to whatever surfaces in the teenagers mind. Reflexology provides a setting for nurturing touch that is safe, relaxing and conducive to sharing any concerns that the teenager may be currently wrestling with If the parent is willing to ust listen, there is the potential for a wonderful intimacy to develop.

In short, reflexology has many very healing facets.


{BOUNDARIES: Let's talk about boundaries - so that you may understand a little bit better what I mean by this word. Each of us has boundaries that shape our experience - our universe. These boundaries we are constantly choosing and changing on the basis of what is comfortable for us, or, what feels right to us in the present circumstance. Consequently, our boundaries are rarely concretely defined, and, will change from time to time as our circumstance changes. Similarly, as our boundaries change, our interpretation of our circumstance will also change.

Of course, this can be very disconcerting as human beings we all seek consistency in our world - and in ourselves. This consistency is our present level of knowledge and understanding. Such consistency gives us a feeling of security, a feeling that with our knowledge and understanding of our life we are able to cope or even be effective in it. Consequently, we are inclined to try to define our boundaries - we are inclined to come to an understanding of who we are, who we are not; what we like, what we do not like; what we believe is true, what we believe is not true; what we believe is fair and reasonable, what we believe is not fair and reasonable; and so on.

So, on one hand, our circumstances pull at us to change our boundaries, and, on the other hand we seem to have an innate desire to bring consistency to our boundaries. Welcome to one of the paradoxes of life. If you have ever felt that it is an uphill battle to understand yourself, or to understand other people - being aware of this paradoxical dynamic of constant change in each and every one of us might help you to comprehend why.

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Reflexology: Taking a New Look

By Christopher Shirley

It isn't surprising that many people have dismissed reflexology. After all, there just isn't any obvious reason why a simple massage of the feet would have any kind of important therapeutic benefit.
Sure, we can all agree that it might be pleasurable - even very relaxing - but, that is about it, right? There is absolutely no precedent for the basic premise of reflexology that areas of the feet correspond to other parts of the body, and, that stimulation of these areas of the feet therapeutically relaxes the corresponding parts of the body!

And yet, advocates of reflexology have made far-reaching claims about reflexology. Some recipients have their arthritis completely cured, been cured of their headaches, back aches cleared up, asthma symptoms relieved, sinuses cleared, have been freed of their P.M.S., ovarian cysts disappeared, stomach ulcer healed – and on and on.

In the December 1993 issue of the prestigious American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology a research paper presented by William Flocco and Dr. Terry Oleson showed reflexology reduced women's P.M.S. symptoms by 46 per cent for the eight weeks of weekly treatments. This was sustained with 42 per cent reduction of symptoms for eight weeks after treatment. It was not as effective as drug treatments. However, reflexology had none of the side effects of drugs. The conclusion was that reflexology should be considered an effective therapy for PMS. This is the first scientifically accepted reflexology research study conducted in North America.

Reflexology World-wide

We recently discovered that scientific research of reflexology has been conducted in other parts of the world. For example, we learned that when compared to North America there has been a much more receptive attitude to reflexology in Denmark, with the result that there are approximately 3500 practising Danish reflexologists’ vis-à-vis 3000 practising medical doctors. Some of these reflexologists are working in medical settings including hospitals, and large corporations employ some others for their employees. It is apparent that these corporations find the resultant reduced sick leave and improved productivity of their employees’ worthy of employing reflexologists.

Simultaneously, three Danish research studies that report positive results from reflexology treatment for persons suffering from poor blood circulation, kidney stones and constipation. Another study indicates that reflexology was beneficial for women in a number of different circumstances during childbirth.

Research conducted in Australia evaluated reflexology's benefit for person's suffering from arthritic pain, unexplained internal pain and tension headaches. The study reported positive results. Similarly, in Switzerland, a research study evaluated the benefits of reflexology for persons with terminal cancer, all of whom were suffering from pain. The results showed that reflexology not only relieved their pain, but also added quality to the dying person's life.

And in China, X.M. Wang of the First Teaching Hospital, Beijing Medical University published "Treating type II diabetes mellitus with foot reflexotherapy". This study reports numerous symptoms greatly reduced by reflexotherapy and concludes that it is an effective therapy for type II diabetes mellitus.

In summation, from around the world, scientific research has shown that reflexology is an effective therapy for a diverse range of health conditions: P.M.S., kidney stones, constipation, childbirth, arthritis, internal pain, tension headaches and the pain suffered by persons with terminal cancer, and, diabetes mellitus type II. Maybe it is time to take a second look at reflexology and all the claims that have been made.

It appears that reflexology might be the difference between requiring drugs/surgery, and helping your body to heal itself. In a preventive sense, it’s the difference between getting sick and staying healthy.

Reflexology therapeutically reduces stress and tension throughout the whole body. Blood and lymph circulation improves, nerve supply to the cells is improved, and the release of toxins from the body is increased. These physiological benefits facilitate improvement in the body's assimilation of nutrients, elimination of wastes, and the functions of the immune system.

Reflexology is also a very effective complement to other natural health therapies. For example, it can facilitate more effective chiropractic adjustments that hold for longer. Reflexology complements massage and other physical therapies by reducing stress and tension in the internal glands and organs of the body, and, by relieving stress from parts of the body that are too painful to be directly worked on: i.e. whiplash. Reflexology complements nutritional and herbal therapies and colon therapy by facilitating more efficient assimilation and elimination in the digestive system.

Luckily, the instructional video "Recreational Reflexology" puts the benefits of reflexology right at your fingertips. Helene Meurer reviewed this video in alive Magazine #128. She states that even her four-year-old was able to follow the instruction and be effective. In short this video takes a person step-by-step through giving a complete foot reflexology session, allowing you, your family and friends access to reflexology whenever desired. (See our "products" page)

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Hand Reflexology, Eh?
By Christopher Shirley


Recently, hand reflexology is receiving some well overdue attention. An Egyptian papyrus dated 2330 B.C. depicts both hand and foot reflexology, so, both have existed since ancient times.

Eunice Ingham, who made foot reflexology popular last century, acknowledged hand reflexology, but only as “a back up” when working on the feet was not possible.  Similarly, few courses or books have taught how to stimulate the reflex areas of the hands. Consequently, hand reflexology is comparatively unknown.

Foot reflexology requires bare feet, and both recipient and practitioner positioned comfortably. This severely limits the settings in which foot reflexology can be performed. In comparison, the easy availability of the hands makes hand reflexology conducive to almost any setting.

Some people are much more comfortable receiving hand reflexology. Ticklishness, smelly feet, perceived ugly feet, and a stranger touching one’s feet are barriers to foot reflexology.  Hand reflexology is good news for people with these concerns.

Hands are very accessible for working on your self, which is never quite as pleasant as receiving from someone else. However, working on your own hands provides all the therapeutic benefits of reflexology: stress relief, improved circulation of blood and lymph, revitalization of glands and organs, and improved functioning of immune, digestive and eliminative systems, etc. Yes, hands are excellent for self-help.

You should consider these three advantages of hand reflexology if you are intending to learn reflexology. I predict that hand reflexology will soon have equal footing (excuse the pun), and may even become more popular than foot reflexology.

If you haven’t experienced hand reflexology, there is nothing quite as exquisite as surrendering overworked, sensitive hands to the bliss of nurturing touch. As one client says: “It’s so relaxing!” Try it.

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Is It Time to Heal Yourself?
By Christopher Shirley
 
So you have decided to give complementary medicine a try. Maybe you have walked into a brick wall with conventional medicine, or, your experience of it left you feeling burned. The message is very clear – conventional medicine has used all that it has to offer and nothing worked. Or, perhaps you have discussed your condition with your doctors and the procedures that they are proposing are just not acceptable to you. You just know that there must be a better way!

So, for one reason or another you have decided to look at complementary medicine.

As you seek out complementary medicine for the first time you may well experience yourself thrown into an enormous maze of confusing information. There are a myriad of different therapies with technical, exotic or weird sounding names: Biokinesiology, Trager, Ayurvedic, Rolfing, Feldenkrais, Naturopathy, Aston Patterning, Alexander Technique, Reflexology, Reiki, Reichian Therapy, Homeopathy, Macrobiotics, etc. It would seem that you need a degree just to become familiar with all the different therapies and what they have to offer.

What is important to understand from the outset is that complementary medicine is completely different in its orientation to healing to conventional medicine. Where conventional medicine will intervene or take over to bring about healing, complementary medicine is much more oriented to supporting the person in healing him or herself. Where conventional medicine utilizes carefully selected drugs and surgical procedures to fix what ails you, complementary medicine relies heavily on the inherent resources that a person already has to heal him or herself. And, when external resources are recruited by complementary medicine, these resources (i.e. herbs, homeopathic remedies, physical and/or energetic stimulation, etc.) are prepared and administered with great care to minimize interference with their natural state. This is based on the observation that substances that have not been chemically altered are much more harmonious and effective in the body.

The orientation of complementary medicine is to support and strengthen your own capacity to heal yourself. The primary perspective is that the body has a built-in knowledge of how it got sick, and consequently, it knows how to bring about its own healing. Rather than attempting to second guess what this process is and how it should proceed, complementary medicine will do it's best to provide resources to assist the body, knowing that the body is capable to heal itself if it is given half a chance to do so.

Another way of understanding this orientation is to appreciate that when the body is sick, it is out of balance. Stress might be considered the source of the imbalance. Of course, stress can have many different origins and forms. However, complementary medicine seeks to eliminate stress and restore balance in the body's functioning.

Each of the therapies that make up complementary medicine contributes in its own unique way to eliminate stress, restore balance and support the body in its process of healing itself.

Consequently, you may need to completely re-orient yourself when approaching complementary medicine. No longer will the doctor be taking charge, and so, it is necessary for you to take charge of your healing program. You need to start making the decisions as to what you think would be best for you. For many, this may be overwhelming. It can be very scary to not have the apparent security of a doctor making decisions for you. Some first questions may be: “How can I decide or make choices?”  “What criteria am I supposed to use?”

Like starting anything else that is new, this may seem scary. But, it is not very different to anything else, either. You start with what you have got: the name of your condition, and/or a description of your symptoms, the history of your condition - when it first started, how it has evolved, and, if anyone else in your family has had it or anything similar. In short, all that you know about what is going on with you.

If you feel that your knowledge is incomplete, you might want to do some research. Here you get to play detective. Ask anybody that you feel might be able to shed some light on what is happening with you. This might be doctors and other professionals who have examined you to date, groups or organizations that provide support for people with your condition, other people that have had the same or similar conditions, medical dictionary/encyclopedia, health books and magazines, or, the staff in natural food stores. These can all be helpful resources.

As you make your way, always ask for suggestions of more resources. It is like a treasure hunt: one piece of information, or, one informant will often lead to another. Remember that you are in charge. Collect all of the information into a file - you never know what may eventually prove valuable. 

Once you are ready, you can start exploring the different complementary forms of healing to seek out those which you feel are most likely to be beneficial for you.

Alleviating stress, supporting the body to heal itself and restoring balance to the body's functioning is the orientation of all the therapies, and, each one contributes to this process it in it's own unique way.

For example, some therapies select and recommend nutritional and natural substances that assist the body to regain bio-chemical balance, and strengthen and heal itself: Ayurvedic Medicine, Herbology, Nutritional Counselling, Biokinesiology, Iridology. Each of these has it's own methods and criteria for selection of it's recommendations.

Physical stress and tension that is inhibiting your body's healing process is relieved by other therapies: Massage Therapy, Reflexology, Shiatsu, Reiki, Cranial Sacral Therapy, Osteopathy, Acupuncture, Chiropractic, Polarity Therapy, Trager.

Similarly, there are therapies that work with the physical structure of your body to correct it's functioning, alleviate pain, and/or improve its efficiency. Rolfing, Aston Patterning, Postural Integration, Shiatsu, Feldenkrais, Reflexology, Trager and Chiropractic are all examples of these.

Other therapies work with the energy system of the body to bring it into balance. The lack of balance in the energy system is understood as the source of stress and hence, physical illness. Examples of these are Acupuncture, Reiki, Therapeutic Touch, Energy Healing, Polarity Therapy, Reflexology, Shiatsu, and Biokinesiology.

As you can see there are some therapies that fit into more than one of the categories that I have presented. This is because the categories are phoney. Human functioning does not fit into such neat packages and a therapy will inevitably interact with the functioning of a human being in many different ways.

The human being is extremely complex with many, many aspects that interrelate. By talking to practitioners of these therapies you will be able to get a broader sense of what each has to offer, and, how it might contribute to your healing process. Your choices will be affected by the nature of the condition that is concerning you, and your personal preferences. I encourage you to first and foremost trust your sense of what feels right for you.

There is no therapy that is right for everyone. Similarly, there is no therapy that is consistently effective for different health concerns, or, for the same health concern occurring in different people. Consequently, you will be engaged in a process of trial and error - sampling different therapies to discover which ones you respond to best.

My speciality is reflexology, which relieves stress and tension throughout the whole body - including the internal glands and organs. Consequently, reflexology not only alleviates stress and tension that causes muscular pain and headaches, but also relieves stress and tension throughout the digestive system, the immune system, the glandular system, the nervous system, etc. This directly effects the functioning of these systems, moving them toward optimal functioning. Assimilation of nutrients is enhanced, elimination of toxins is enhanced, immune functioning is enhanced, circulation of lymph and blood is improved, etc. Research has shown that reflexology reduces the symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome by over 40%, and, numerous other conditions that have not yet been researched are observed to benefit from reflexology. You might consider the combination of reflexology with appropriate nutrition and herbal remedies as a powerful formula to support the body in it's healing.

Frequently, the source of the stress and tension in your body will be an emotional conflict. When the expression of an emotion has been suppressed or repressed it festers in the physical body, creating an imbalance in the body's functioning. This is frequently the source of disease, and, can manifest in a wide variety of symptoms, effecting any and every part of the body. Consequently, if you want long lasting results, and sometimes, any results at all, it will be necessary for you to discover and resolve the emotional conflict that lies at the root of your disease. For this you may well need to seek out the services of a counsellor or therapist qualified to work with emotional and/or psychological issues, especially as they pertain to disease.

To commence your search for appropriate resources you might review the most recent issues of "Common Ground", "Shared Vision" and "Issues" magazines; they are all excellent sources of relevant information in British Columbia. Alternatively, you can look in the Yellow Pages telephone directory under "Acupuncture", "Chiropractors", "Health Services", "Herbalists", "Naturopathic Physicians" or "Reflexology" for listings of practitioners.  Or, you can visit our links page for other resources.

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Medical Breakthrough Announced
By Christopher Shirley


"In an unprecedented press release today the medical profession announced the discovery of a new treatment that has been scientifically proven to be effective for more than 100 health conditions and has no known adverse side effects. Conditions researched include: diabetes, pre-menstrual syndrome, constipation, headaches, asthma, allergies, bronchitis, irritable bowel syndrome, prostate problems, lower back/neck/shoulder/chest pain, tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and multiple sclerosis. Frequently, recipients reported that this treatment was effective for both the targeted health condition and other health conditions simultaneously. In addition, recipients reported that they felt much better than they had in years. It was also reported that seemingly healthy people embraced this treatment for its revitalizing and rejuvenating effects. Many stated that they felt much less likely to succumb to illness while receiving this treatment."

Unfortunately, the above announcement is fiction - a fantasy of what might happen in a perfect world. The description, however, is an accurate description of reflexology.

RESEARCH


Most of the scientific research of the effectiveness of reflexology has been conducted in China, Denmark and Great Britain - three countries that have integrated the practice of reflexology into the mainstream health care system. A few studies have been conducted in North America and other countries despite the extreme difficulty of accessing trained research personnel and facilities to fulfil the standards for publication.

Most of the published studies find that reflexology is an effective therapy for between 75% and 80% of the subjects. This is pretty impressive when compared with other therapies. There is no therapy that is 100% effective, and, most other therapies have adverse side effects.

HISTORY

It would seem that the practice of reflexology has its roots in many ancient healing traditions. A papyrus found in a physician's tomb in Egypt dated 2330 B.C. is the earliest evidence of the practice of reflexology in ancient times. This papyrus clearly shows the practice of both foot and hand reflexology. It has also been established that healing traditions in India, Japan, China and Europe utilized the phenomena now known as reflexology. Apparently, this phenomena, in which there is a direct relationship between parts of the feet, hands and ears and other parts of the body, was discovered independently by each culture as its healing tradition evolved.

THE EXPERIENCE

When you submit yourself for a reflexology session you can anticipate a very thorough massage of your feet, hands or your ears. For many years reflexology was practiced on the feet, and so, not all reflexologists are trained to work on the hands or ears. If you prefer a hand or ear reflexology session you should check that it is available before making an appointment.

Similarly, some reflexologists use a very heavy pressure and others a comparatively light pressure. Contrary to common belief, the amount of pressure does not determine the effectiveness of the session. Frequently, a very light touch will be far more effective than a heavy touch - no, it does not have to hurt in order to be beneficial! 

The cost of a reflexology session varies from practitioner to practitioner - much like the cost of a haircut. Also, the length of a session will vary with different practitioners - ranging from 20 to 90 minutes. Of course the duration of the session will affect the fee charged. Also, many practitioners are willing to provide their service in your home or office - and it is reasonable to expect to pay extra for this convenience.

If you have a health condition for which you would like a therapeutic benefit, then you might want to explore on the internet the effectiveness of reflexology for your condition. My web site <http;//www.pacificreflexology.com> presents research for a wide range of health conditions and a search engine may be used to find additional "reflexology research". Alternatively, call a reflexologist and inquire about the potential of reflexology for your condition.

In general, the more frequently that you receive reflexology the more beneficial it will be for a health condition. On rare occasions a single reflexology session provides remarkable results. However, generally, the longer that you have suffered from your condition, then the longer it will take for you to experience the desired benefits. If after receiving five reflexology sessions you are not experiencing any improvement in your condition then you should look to other therapies to assist you - it seems probable that you are among the 20% - 25% people that do not benefit from reflexology.

If your objective is relief of stress and tension, or, a purely blissful relaxing experience then how frequently you indulge is purely up to you. It is not possible, if you are basically healthy, to indulge in too much reflexology. Having said that I should warn you it is possible for you to experience an unpleasant reaction to the reflexology session. This is a comparatively rare occurrence. It can be a nauseous feeling, a bad taste in the mouth, a headache, gas release, perspiring or feeling cold. These situations reflect the potency of the reflexology stimulation - and the body catching up on its cleansing processes.

THE BENEFITS

Reflexology works by reducing stress and tension in the body, so, it is very relaxing. It is relief of stress that produces the therapeutic benefits of reflexology. As your body relaxes, your blood and lymph circulation and nerve supply to your cells improve. Consequently the cells of the body get cleansed and nourished, and the glands and organs of the body are revitalized and rejuvenated. In this way reflexology creates an environment that allows the body to more effectively heal itself.

Therapeutically relaxing the body with reflexology is a powerful complement to many other natural healing modalities. For example, reflexology received prior to chiropractic, physiotherapy or any other manipulative therapy will facilitate that treatment and extend the benefits of the treatment. Similarly, massage therapists have reported that reflexology prior to a massage is very effective in preparing a person for their massage.

Reflexology also works in tandem with nutritional, herbal, or homeopathic therapies. First, by assisting the body to utilize the therapeutic qualities of the remedies more effectively, and second, by the potency of the combination of the benefits of the two therapies. 

As much as reflexology has a broad spectrum of health benefits, most of my clients enjoy reflexology simply for pleasure. In fact, many people that have experienced both reflexology and full body massage prefer reflexology. The convenience of not having to totally disrobe, combined with the purely blissful melting sensation as the effects of reflexology slowly creep up and envelop your whole body/consciousness has many clients self proclaim proudly that they are addicted.

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